health and safety

for my animated promotional video, it is important for me to make sure the animator i hire knows about  health and safety in the studio such as:

- process safety

- life saving rules

- working at height

- confined space

- emergency procedures 

- fire exits

studio hazards are wide ranging from high temperatures from computers and falling over wires that may be around. the key is avoiding the release of these so they dont come into contact with people which could result in a bad injury of even killing somebody. process safety is therefor a very important pillar of safety.

when working in a studio, it is important that the animator knows where the fire exits are and the emergency procedures incase of a fire accident. 

if needed to work at height, the animator should be careful as to not fall and to concentrate on what they are doing. also to make sure no big objects are in the way so they don't fall and hit their head on something.

with the music that plays in the background of the animation, it is important to avoid copyright. the way to do this is to either create an own piece of music or to use a free piece of music. it is key to make sure we have permission to use protected music in a licensed production as we need to make sure that legal protection is available on both sides. 

history of editing

in 1924, the moviola was invented by Iwan Serrurier and was the only editing system throughout until the sixties. it allows the film editor to view a film while editing and was the first machine for motion picture editing. 

the company moviola is loacted in hollywood. it allowed editors to study individual shots in their cutting rooms, to determine more precisely the best place to cut the shot. 

the vertical oriented moviola's were the standard for film editing in the US until the 1970s when horizontal flatbed editor systems became more common.

this is the flatbed editing system used to edit film for a motion picture. the most common brands is steenback and K-E-M, both of which were invented in germany in the 1930s. 

the picture is shot on film while the sound is recorded separately. when the editor finds a point to cut from one shot into another, he marks it on both picture and sound rolls, then makes the cut and splices in the next shot.

linear editing is the process of making cuts and edits on film. it must be done sequentially in order to create a final film print of an edited piece. it is necessary for the film format and had been the only way to edit until computers came into prominence for post production. 

non-linear editing is a non-destructive editing process. it is achieved by loading the material into the computer from analogue or digital tapes. the editing process creates a new 'tape' by storing all the commands entered by the operator. 

during the 1970s, CMX systems were a huge boost within the editing industry. it gave editors more freedom in how they edit. 

from 199, new editing softwares allowed people to edit their own films from home such as Adobe. since then, higher quality softwares have been introduced such as Final cut pro , purchased by apple in 1999.
 

                                           

music video and evaluation

 silver soul -beach house

evaluation

my plan for my music video was to create something experimental and innovative which I think I achieved well. I used mainly a lens distort effect on most of my clips. I really like the way it instantly changes the whole music video. I used a range of different clips which I think work well together, all of which are bright and vibrant. To help the music video flow, I used a cross dissolve effect between each clip. This really helped the video to transition smoothly. I think the video fits well with the song as its quite dreamy and chill. My initial aim was to create something that was unique and dream-like and that captured the audience attention throughout. 

I chose experimental because I felt like it was best to fit the song as it doesn't have much of a narrative. The reason I used multiple clips and blended them together was to create something different that not many people have seen or have done. The music video i created is very abstract which i think fits well with the song. it also helps the audience to focus on not only the video but also the song. 

With the editing, i tried using new techniques such as blending and experimenting with the opacity. I tried to edit to the music, changing to a new clip on the beat. I definitely could've experimented with more techniques with the editing so if i was to do this again, i would focus on the editing more.

If i was to do this again, I would definitely try using more and different effects to make it less repetitive. I think i also would try sticking to a certain theme such as neon or a certain colour scheme. i think that would make the video flow better.  

Overall, I am happy with the final product, however, i could've maybe made it slightly longer and used different effects to make it less repetitive.

premiere pro timeline:

planning music video and timeline

silver soul -beach house 

for my music video, I am planning on going down the experimental route using different effects and editing styles. Because I have chosen to go do experimental, my planning is not in the traditional sense as I don't have a narrative to plan, I'll be planning by experimenting. I plan to create quite a dreamy and hazy atmosphere using overlays and distortions. the song I have chosen to do is five minutes long but I am going to cut it down to about two minutes instead. 

in this video, I experimented with overlays. I used two different clips and adjusted the opacity in order to see both clips playing at the same time. I increased the exposure which I think created a nice effect as well as adding a lens distort that slightly stretched the overlay to create a fish lens type look. overall I really like the way this effect turned out and will definitely use it in my final music video. 

in this video, I decided to experiment with the lens distortion again along with the replicate effect which duplicated the video multiple times. my aim was to create a prism reflection effect. I also used an overlay and decreased the opacity. the overlay creates more colour that makes this video more interesting and unique. I really like the effect the overlay creates. I think this would've worked better with a different clip for the background as I didn't achieve the effect I wanted. however I think the replicate effect could work well in my final music video. 

in this video, I used a lens distort to create this trippy and unique effect. I adjusted it slightly to make it more distorted. I really like the way this turned out and I think it would work well in my final music video using different clips. this will add to the dreamy and hazy look that I want to try and create in my video. I think this effect could also work well with some kind of overlay. 

timeline:

week one- i started by choosing the song i wanted to use followed by going out and filming some random clips to experiment with as part of my planning. i opened premiere pro and started to use the clips i filmed and experimented with different types of effects as shown above. 

week two- after experimenting with effects, i began to source footage to potentially use in my music video. i tried to look for clips i knew would fit well with the song i chose. 

week three- i then imported the clips into premiere pro and started to organise them and edit them along with the music. 

music video analysis

 

glass animals- dreamland

dreamland is a slow indie song. it is about being in a dream like state, and almost feeling like you don't even exist. it came out in the year 2020 during the midst of a global pandemic which definitely made making music videos more difficult. however lead singer, Dave Bayley came up with an artistic and creative way to produce the perfect music video for dreamland. 

the video starts with a vibrant, neon background with Bayley sitting in the centre. as soon as the video begins, there is already a dreamy atmosphere. there is also a projector that shows different videos presumably from his childhood as the song dreamland goes through moments of his life as he grows up. 

the song as well as the music video is wanting us to explore our own past, Bayley sings, "pulling down backstreets deep in your head, slipping through dreamland like a tourist." dreams are where peoples fantasies run wild, they are a safe place for imagination and creativity which is portrayed in this music video. 

as Bayley moves with the camera, he takes us through his own dream where different objects from his childhood sit around him and also hang from the ceiling. halfway through the music video, it switches up to where we see him setting up the backdrop and cameras for the video. we see that this dreamy music video was put together all by himself during quarantine. there is only one mid shot used in the beginning of the music video but once it switches many different shots and angles are used as we watch a behind the scenes of him creating the actually video. it is a very visually stimulating music video to watch as we see Bayley go on a lone journey through his past, creating a hazy and colourful daydream.  

usher- burn

in this song, usher sings about breaking up with his girlfriend which he later regrets. he feels like he is burning without her. it is a slow, r&b ballad.

in the music video, there are multiple close up shots.

these close up shots make the video more intimate and shows the romance story happening.

close up shots help to show peoples emotions as well as making the video more personal. in the song we can tell that he is in pain after breaking his girlfriends heart.

the lyrics link to the visuals quite often in the music video. when usher sings "let it burn" the swimming pool that the girl jumps into turns from water into fire. 

this reoccurs again when he sings the word "burn" and his bed starts burning.  when usher sings "you know that its over. you know that its through, he breaks up with her but he finds her sad because of what happened to their relationship. he says she accept the truth. however when usher sings "its been fifty-eleven days / umpteen hours / ill be burnin / till you return", the direction changes when he realises he made a mistake and wants her back. 

usher reminisces about times spent with her, where we see them on the bed together as well as other flashbacks later on in the video. 

there are examples of looking and voyeurism in the music video. the female wears lingerie throughout the video which gives a voyeuristic view of the female body, used to gain attention of male viewers. notion of looking is also portrayed when usher is standing at his window, looking out of the frame.

fleetwood mac- seven wonders

in this 1987 pop-rock song, lead vocalist Stevie Nicks remembers a love affair from her past. she sings seeing the seven wonders of the world would not compare to the beauty of that relationship. 

the music video takes place in one setting, with the band all gathered behind Nicks as she stands in the front centre. throughout the music video, sketches of seven wonders are pictured in the background such as the roman colosseum, the Taj Mahal and the sphinx. in the video, greek pillars are also placed around the stage. 

close ups again are used specifically on Nicks whenever she is singing. at the beginning of the video, blue lighting is used however when the music starts the lighting turns more of a pink/red. there is also use of smoke machines at the start along with silhouettes. the music video is cut along with the beat of the song especially at the beginning with the hi-hats. a slow motion shot is used just before the synth begins playing. the editing is quite fast paced because of the upbeat song. Nicks also changes outfit halfway through the song. smooth transitions are used that switches between the two dresses, one black and one white. 

andrew goodwin

goodwin theory states that there are five key aspects to a music video:

relationship between lyrics and visuals 

- illustrating (meaning of lyrics to song)

- amplifying (to boost the lyrics)

- contradicting (lyrics to visuals)

music videos demonstrate genre characteristics 

- stadium performance

- studio performance

- location 

- narrative

- conceptual/experimental

several close ups of artists. some record companies require that the artist is featured within the video

- artist branding

- artistic portrayal 

- celebrity culture

- implications on looking good

star iconography that each artist will develop in their music videos

- branding

- style

- brand values/unique selling points

within music videos there is the concept of voyeurism

- nudity/revealing clothes

- exhibitionism

- an intimate location

- frame within a frame

the 'male gaze' is often used to attract a male audience. focuses on presenting things that appeal to men

intertextuality 

references to

- other music videos

- films

- tv shows 

how to analyse music video

- through beats, when you 'see' in the sound

look at the music itself, structure of the song

voice of the song

- narrative and performance

tend to get a gist of the meaning behind the song then tend to make up our own idea of what is being told

music video should coherent repeatability 

- the star image

meta narrative

- relation of visuals to song

- technical aspects of a music video

speed, camera movement, editing, mise-en-scene, beats

carol vernallis

carol vernallis is an editing theorist. in her work 'The kindest cut', she explores how editing in film and in music videos differ from each other. she talks about meaning, sound and visuals, editing as a whole, continuity and the star image.

she talks about four main categories: 

• camera - close ups are very common shots used in music videos to show the importance of the parts the band or artist is playing and the way that they look. establishing shots are also commonly used to show the location. the camera sometimes may move in time with the beat of the song. vernallis also argues that framing in music videos is very distinctive 

• editing - music videos tend to usually break the rules of continuity. an editing technique used in music videos is jump cuts, as music videos usually go straight from one thing to the next. the frames are mostly cut to the beat of the music

• narrative - the narrative is a visual response to the song as well as what the artist or band wants the meaning to be presented as. vernallis argues that the ending of a music video is not always clear which allows the audience create their own interpretation. sometimes music videos can be seen as disjointed or disconnected

• diegesis - the 'world' created within the music video. the diegesis is something that is slowly revealed throughout the music video. vernallis argues that music videos are sometimes left 'uncompleted', making the audience want to know what happens next 

gaant chart

 

promotional video analysis

cadbury dairy milk - aliens - canada 

cadbury dairy milk is a brand of milk chocolate manufactured by Cadbury. it was introduces in the United Kingdom in 1905 and now consists of a number of products

when they run out of chocolate, they stop dancing. however when they find more chocolate, more aliens join them and they all start dancing. this creates a happy and uplifting atmosphere for the audience which could encourage them to buy a bar. 

this video sticks to the same colour palette throughout. the colours (browns and purples) fit into the product that is being sold which creates the perfect aesthetic. in this promotional video, the camera often zooms in and out when capturing the emotion an alien is feeling. when an alien eats a bit of the chocolate, the camera slowly zooms in showing the aliens smile. when the aliens are dancing, there is a 'pulse' type camera that zooms in and out subtly along with the diegetic music. 

this influenced my promotional video idea with the animated aliens and also colour palette and aesthetics.

I think one of the reasons they chose aliens is to show that their chocolate can appeal to anyone even aliens. 

 

john lewis christmas advert 2015 -man on the moon

this is the story of a young girl. looking at the moon through her family telescope one night, she is amazed at what she finds, a man on the moon. the girl watches on as our man goes about his chores, all alone up there. she becomes determined to get something to the moon, to send him a message and show him that someone down here if thinking of him

this promotional video is very story based that continues throughout. it keeps the audience attention to see how it ends. the non-diegetic music gives a magical and emotional feel to the video. throughout this advert there are many extreme close ups on the young girl and the old man. this can show that they are perhaps looking for each other or know that there is someone out there looking at them. the close ups also help to show their emotions to the audience. the young girl feels determined and the man feels lonely. 

this concept and the story behind this advert, I think people would be able to connect to as everyone has times where the feel lonely. this advert isn't really promoting one certain product but instead a whole brand that can make the audience feel welcome to shop with them. at the end of the video when the man receives a telescope and he can see the young girl, it makes the audience feel happy and emotional as the man and young girl finally connect after the young girl tries so hard to let the man know he's not alone. I think this advert could also encourage the audience to get in touch and check up on their family and friends as the Christmas time can be lonely for many especially the elderly. overall I think this advert sends out a meaningful message through a powerful and heart-warming story at Christmas. 

this influenced my promotional video with the emotional story that the audience can connect with.

storyboard and budget

 

I wanted to use the storyboard and aliens to create a comedic type promotional video so it can be enjoyable for different people. I think the storyboard shows how simple the app is to use from how easy and quickly the alien was reconnected with his family. 

my idea with my promotional video was for it to be comedic but to also have a slight emotional backstory as well as it starts with a lonely alien who spots other aliens on a different planet having fun which then makes him want to find his own which he is able to do through the app. I wanted the video to say that if an alien can use the app then anyone can use the app. 

voiceover script:

connect with your family past. find your ancestors and share stories with them. create your own family tree that goes back through generations. communicate with relatives from all around the world and learn more about your family's history all in one simple and easy to use app so you don't have to feel alone. 

download now and discover your own family history. no one is ever truly alone. 

budget/costs:

length - roughly 1 minute

for every 5-10 seconds of animation, it'll take at least a day 7.5 hours. 1 minute animation: 60 seconds = between 6-12 days. (extra days for amends, render time, final edit). 

5-7 days for animation. 1-2 days for amends. 1 day for sound design. 1/2 days for final edit. 1-2 days conform. roughly 14 days altogether.  ecmstu.com

around £107 animation from small studio. studio charge £70-£140 per one minute of animation. authentic artwork and end-to-end service from studio. more expensive for higher quality so £140. medium.com

voice over work around £150

moodboard

 

I decided to use aliens for the main part of my promotional video in order to appeal to a variety of different ages. I thought the aliens could make the video unique and interesting. I wanted to also use bright colours that fit with the galaxy/space theme as its quite different and not something people often see in adverts. 

I wanted to use aliens for the advert to show how easy and simple the app is to use. I wanted my promotional video to be fun and weird so it can be enjoyable for a variety of different people to watch and understand the meaning behind the app. but I also wanted their to be an emotional backstory showing that no one is truly ever alone and that there are always people out there.

promotional video idea

story idea: animation, alien is alone on his planet, sees there is a family of aliens on a different planet laughing together and having fun, alien sees them and becomes sad. alien starts thinking about his own family wondering where they are. he notices a star in the distance, as he gets closer the star starts shining down onto his planet at an object. the alien finds a phone that the star was shining on. the ancestree app is on the phone. the alien uses it and finds family members that then join him on his planet.  

laura mulvey

visual pleasure and narrative cinema 1975

mulvey uses psychoanalysis to discover where and how the fascination of the film is reinforced by pre-existing patterns of fascination already at work within the subject. she uses the psychoanalytic theory as a 'political weapon' 

she argues that hollywood/mainstream/narrative cinema manipulates visual pleasure. it 'codes the erotic into the language of the dominant patriarchal order'

scopophilia = pleasure/obsession in looking 

the most pleasurable looking is the human form

"woman as image, man as bearer of the look"

the image of the woman also carries a threat. there are two avenues of escape from fear of the femininity for the male spectator:

- investigate the woman, demystify her mystery

- deny castration by turning the woman into a reassuring fetish

scopophilia is the force driving the movements and positioning of the camera 

the gaze is male and the spectator is led to identify with his male gaze

the cinematic apparatus is not gender neutral

Jennifer's Body (2009) is a horror comedy film where a popular teenage girl, Jennifer, becomes possessed and feeds on her male classmates with her best friend, Needy, striving to stop her. this film was marketed as catering exactly this kind of visual pleasure, referred to as the male gaze. the film was mainly advertised to young, teenage boys when it was first released, with Megan Fox (who plays Jennifer) on the cover of its movie posters. Jennifer's Body was seen as the "Twilight for boys", an adolescent sex fantasy designed explicitly for heterosexual males. when it was first released, it was a failure. the film mainly focuses on best friends Jennifer and Needy. despite their different social statuses, they are inseparable. when Jennifer becomes possessed, she doesnt just go after the boys who tried to sacrifice her; she goes after boys, period. however, throughout the film there are occasional kisses and hand-holding between Jennifer and Needy. the way that gaze is deployed throughout the film is all about women looking at women, and men mainly existing to be a great source of protein. from the start it is implied that women have taken over as the viewers of other women as objects of desire. Jennifer, seducing boys, has always been destroying them for her own gain. though the boys think they're the ones "taking" Jennifer, it's actually she who has all the power. it is clear that Jennifer and Needy have the most meaningful romantic relationship in the film.

the male gaze gets all its power from the image of the woman, manipulating the picture of femininity for the pleasure of the male spectator. however in Jennifer's Body, they are confronted by a deceptive main female character who cuts up and consumes the men in her life. 
 

jacques lacan

Jacques Lacan was a french psychoanalyst. he gained an international reputation as an original interpreter of Freud's work. Lacan believed that ordinary consciousness can legitimately be aware only of its own incapacity. Lacan's desire refers always to unconscious desire because it is unconscious desire that forms the central concern of psychoanalysis. 

the mirror stage is a concept in the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan. this was his first contribution to psychoanalysis which he described as "psychoanalytic experience". by the early 1950s, he came to regard the mirror stage as more than a moment in the life of the infant; instead, it formed part of the permanent structure of subjectivity. it refers to childhood, a toddler looking in the mirror helps them to shape their identity. 

Lacan's theory of Lack poses that people who are missing something in their lives become increasingly more obsessed with it until it becomes the only thing they value. the lack has a different effect on the mind, given that there are three different lacks; imaginary phallus/symbolic castration, the real breast/imaginary frustration, symbolic phallus/real privation.

the three orders is a concept by Lacan: 

- the imaginary: is created in the ego during the mirror stage. when an infant passes through a stage in which the external body is shown, this image produces a psychic response that leads to a mental representation of the infant.

- the symbolic: this is where the "father figure" comes in. the child is faced with the reality of the lack because it realises that it will never be the ideal desire of the mother. the idea of the 'lack' is essential to the symbolic order.

- the real: at the limit of symbolic order, the real is the unknown. for instance, if an accident occurs, we create an explanation of that accident, but that explanation itself is not the real anymore. the real can not be explained through language. 

Grizzly Man (2005) is a documentary film put together from Timothy Treadwell's own video footage where he he lives among a tribe of grizzly bears on an Alaskan reserve. Timothy Treadwell endeavours to become a bear expert, conducting field 'research' and also seeks to escape his prior social positioning by an attempt to journey into the 'secret world of bears.' he believed that having 'the heart of a wild animal' could compensate for his lack of education and training. the film is seen as more of a character study on Timothy Treadwell rather than a nature documentary that is first expected. his childlike and dangerous passion for the bears borders on insanity and the director Werner Herzog focuses on that aspect. he seems to carefully construct the film so that we see the authenticity of of Treadwell's passion and we see as he moves further and further away from sanity. Herzog uses the story of Treadwell and creates a story that points away from the idea of harmony in nature, towards the chaos of the universe. In one particular scene, Herzog narrates  over Treadwell and disagrees with his belief that nature is harminous and says "I believe the common character of the universe is not harmony, but chaos, hostility and murder." The Lacan theory of Lack fits well into this film as it is clear that Treadwell was looking for something more in his life. at one point in the film he says "Thank you animals for giving me a life, I had no life, now I have a life." before he began his journey living among grizzly bears, he felt like he lacked a purpose in life. the bears helped he gain a purpose which ultimately was to protect them.         

sigmund freud

Sigmund Freud was the founding father psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behaviour. he believed that events that happen in our childhood help to shape personalities and influence adult life. 

freud developed a topographical model of the mind in (1900), whereby he described the features of the mind's structure and function:

- the conscious: the small amount of mental activity we know about

- the subconscious: things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried

- the unconscious: things we are unaware of and can not become aware of

later (1923), freud developed a more structural model of the mind with id, ego and superego which have been most commonly conceptualised as three essential parts of the human personality.

the id is the unorganised part of the personality structure that contains a humans basic, instinctual drives. it is the only component of personality that is present from birth. it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires and impulses, particularly our sex and aggression drives. 

the ego is the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with the reality. just as the id is the unconscious part of the human personality, the ego is the conscious and logical part. the ego functions in both the conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind. it operates on the reality principle, which strives to satisfy the id's desires in realistic, logically and in socially appropriate ways.

the superego is the component of personality that provides guidelines for making judgements. it represents the norms and qualities of the individual, his family and the society and is an ethical constraint on the behaviour. the superego operates on the moral principles and is able to differentiate between good and bad, what is right and wrong. 

the id, ego and superego are inter-related. in order to create a normal personality, there must be a proper balance in the relationship among these three forces. 

Black Swan (2010) is a movie that treats freud's theory in an artistic way. it shows a lot of elegance and sexuality. it represents the freudian theory of human personality in distinctive ways by using different kinds of relationships and by looking from different perspectives. around the end of the movie, it is shown that all the psychological conflicts and fights with the other characters was Nina's fight with 'her selfs' and her passion to perform the role of the black swan perfectly which requires to be her rebellious and seductive self represents the id. her dance teacher in the movie thinks she is beautiful, fragile and fearful as the white swan should be, but the black swan is the evil sister who seduces the love of the white swan, she has to be passionate, seductive and impressive. 

contextual study essay

contextual study essay

new wave film

evaluation:

for my new wave film, i decided to create a montage documenting a journey. i wanted to show how quiet and empty the world felt due to Covid-19. whilst walking around coventry city centre, there were only a small amount of people around me, most of which were wearing masks. 

i think some of my shots worked well with the music in the final outcome, however, i definitely could improve it by getting a more of a variety of different types of shots and experimenting more with camera techniques. the editing could also be improved, maybe with some different transitions as well as editing my clips so that they are in time with the music

health & safety

in the studio:

- check to make sure wires are tied down to the floor to prevent tripping over them. as well as other objects lying around on the floor 

- make sure equipment is hooked up properly without lose wires. if anything was to happen with the equipment, it is important to alert a member of staff as soon as possible to help resolve the problem

- no food and drink are allowed in the studio. this can help prevent damages to equipment from spillages. no food also means no crumbs which will help to keep the studio clean 

- once finished in the studio, make sure to tidy up after yourself. put equipment away in its designated place so it is ready for the next person to use it

due to covid-19, it is important that only a small amount of people are in the studio at a time. people that are in the studio should wear a mask apart from the person being the subject. it is best to keep a safe distance away from each other which is why the studio shouldn't be too crowded.

ISO

ISO is the sensitivity to light. a lower ISO setting makes the sensor less sensitive to light, meaning it either needs more illumination or a longer shutter speed to achieve the correct exposure. a higher ISO setting will make the sensor more sensitive to light and therefore makes the image/video brighter. 

increasing the iso creates more grain or noise, it can also deteriorate the dynamic range which is why you tend to keep the iso as low as possible. because having a low iso can make your image darker, you may need to change the shutter speed and aperture to get the right exposure. 

using a fast shutter speed with a high iso can help to prevent motion blur, leaving you with a clear and sharp image/video.

the iso values are: (from lowest to highest)

- ISO 100

- ISO 200

- ISO 400

- ISO 800

- ISO 1600

- ISO 3200

- ISO 6400 

this is a video of the 3 different iso settings in video. we used ISO 100 for the first clip which has no grain or noise. the next clip we used ISO 200 which again has no grain. for the last clip, we increased the ISO to 1600. there is a bit of grain in the last clip as we used a higher iso. we lowered the shutter speed and aperture as the video was slightly over exposed. 

new wave research

american new wave

American filmmakers in the 1950s, New York, were concerned with realism and a truthful deception of American society during the time, the first American new wave. The second new wave known as New Hollywood in the late 60s brought a new set of values representing the counter-culture and aesthetics of the French new wave. During the late 60s and early 70s, there was a new generation of filmmakers whose work was complex, innovative and morally ambiguous. They spoke for a generation disillusioned by the Vietnam War. 

the new hollywood new wave of cinema sprouted in the late 1960s for a variety of reasons. for one, the academic study film became more popular than ever. the distribution of international films from auteurs like Truffaut and the french new wave simply fed their inspiration. it was also a response to a perceived staleness in hollywood's studio films that dominated the marketplace for decades.

new hollywood is a film movement that took place in the united states from roughly 1967-1976. the movement was led by a group of film students with a passion for filmmaking and the desire to challenge the stagnant status quo. also known as the hollywood new wave, these filmmakers often worked within the studio system but brought an independent and radical perspective to mainstream filmmaking. 

chosen films:

          bonnie and clyde (1967)             jaws (1975)                taxi driver (1976)            

                              arthur penn                    steven spielberg              martin scorsese