aperture

the aperture affects the depth of field. it is the opening of the lens through which light passes. a lower f stop gives more exposure because it represents the larger aperture. a higher f stop gives less exposure because they represent the smaller aperture.

the 4 key factors that affect aperture are:

- f stop (f2.8 or f22)

- focal length, the longer the lens, the shallower depth of field 

- focal distance between the camera and subject

- physical depth to see the effects of depth of field

the wider the aperture, the narrower depth of field

the focal length determines depth of field

wide angle lenses often create deep depth of field which leaves your image sharp and clear

telephoto lenses create a shallow depth of field

references:

https://www.nikonusa.com/en/learn-and-explore/a/tips-and-techniques/understanding-maximum-aperture.html

in this clip, the aperture is set at f2.8 with a 50mm lens. this lens gives a more natural look to your photo or video. a 50mm lens has a fixed focal length.

in this clip, the aperture is set at f8 with a standard lens. this lens produces images that are similar to the human eye. it helps focus attention on the subject/object rather than distracting the viewer with an unusually distorted image.

in this clip. the aperture is set at f22 with a wide angle lens. this lens allows you to fit more in the frame which is good when shooting landscapes. it has a wider angle of view than a normal lens. they also typically have much closer minimum focusing distances which enable you to shoot and view a lot more in tight spaces.